Momentum Transfer in Metallurgical Processes - Viscous properties of fluids, Laminar flow and the momentum equation, Turbulent & complex flows, Energy balance applications, Problems in compressible flow, Sonic velocity and supersonic jets, production of vacuum, Differential models of turbulence for bulk convecting flows, Electromagnetically driven flows, Physical & computational models, Recent advances in metallurgical fluid dynamics: Advances resulting from physical and mathematical modeling. Heat Transfer in Metallurgical Processes -
Unsteady state conduction of heat, Differential thermal energy balance in fluids, Forced and Natural convention of heat, The heat transfer coefficient, Heat Transfer Correlations, Radiant heat transfer between black - body surfaces, gray - body surfaces, radiation through emitting and absorbing media, Heat transfer in continuous casting, welding and quenching, Inverse heat conduction problem - solution and applications. Process Modelling - Introduction, types of models, similarity criteria, development of process models, model implementation.